Scientists Solve

• University of South Florida engineering Professor David Simmons led a research team that solved a century-old materials science puzzle: how tiny carbon black particles transform soft rubber into material strong enough to support loaded aircraft. • The findings, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that refining existing models to reflect carbon black's real structure and dispersion patterns provided the answer. • The discovery matters for the $260 billion global tire industry and could lead to designing safer, longer-lasting materials used in car tires, aircraft components, industrial seals, and medical devices.

Physicists at the University of Tennessee used a neutron detector to measure beta-delayed two-neutron emission in exotic nuclei along the r-process pathway, marking the first detailed study of this process crucial for heavy element formation like gold. The team also discovered a long-sought single particle neutron state in tin-133 after 20 years of searches and observed a non-statistical population challenging existing nuclear models. These findings, funded by the National Science Foundation, enhance models of stellar nucleosynthesis and open new fields in nuclear physics. Next steps include refining theoretical calculations for r-process events in neutron star mergers.