Strengthens

• University of South Florida engineering Professor David Simmons led a research team that solved a century-old materials science puzzle: how tiny carbon black particles transform soft rubber into material strong enough to support loaded aircraft. • The findings, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that refining existing models to reflect carbon black's real structure and dispersion patterns provided the answer. • The discovery matters for the $260 billion global tire industry and could lead to designing safer, longer-lasting materials used in car tires, aircraft components, industrial seals, and medical devices.

• The U.S. Dollar Index climbed to 106.85 Thursday, marking a three-month high, bolstered by expectations for sustained higher interest rates and Federal Reserve officials' reluctance to signal imminent policy pivots. • The euro weakened to $1.087, declining 1.3% on the week, as diverging monetary policy expectations between the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank broadened rate differentials favoring dollar-denominated assets. • Currency strategists noted that strong dollar performance reduces competitiveness for U.S. export-oriented companies but supports purchasing power for multinational corporations with foreign earnings, creating mixed market impacts.

• Oil prices spiked sharply as geopolitical tensions escalated between Iran and the United States following military confrontations. • The U.S. dollar recovered against major currencies as investors sought safe-haven assets amid rising uncertainty. • Energy markets remain volatile with traders closely monitoring developments in Middle East tensions and their impact on global supply chains.