James Webb telescope may have discovered a mysterious, never-before-seen substance on Pluto and Titan

• Scientists at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) are developing a new solar wind forecasting method to locate the first plasma boundary of the outer heliosphere. • The team is combining this forecasting approach with analytic and numerical heliosphere models to map the region's characteristics.

• NASA's live coverage of the Artemis II mission achieved a new agency streaming record, reflecting unprecedented public interest in the lunar journey. • Public sentiment remained largely neutral (47% to 60%) or positive (30% to 42%), driven by excitement over the crew and striking mission imagery.

• The Hubble Space Telescope has detected light from a distant galaxy known as MXDFz4.4, which researchers previously believed should have been invisible. • This "impossible" light suggests that the galaxy existed during a period when the early universe was thought to be opaque.

• A Thai study investigated how varying living conditions in animal shelters impact the physical and mental health of dogs. • Researchers compared three facilities, finding that dogs with the most space and regular enrichment, such as toys and human interaction, exhibited the lowest stress hormone levels.

• Astronomers have released the largest gravitational wave catalog to date, adding 161 new black hole collisions to bring the total number of detections to 390. • The new data includes the clearest gravitational wave signal ever recorded and the most precise location tracking for a black hole merger.

• A new study published in *Earth's Future* warns that certain geoengineering methods to combat climate change could inadvertently disrupt global weather patterns. • Researchers found that brightening marine clouds over the eastern Pacific could dramatically weaken the El Niño cycle, whereas stratospheric aerosol injection had little impact on the system.

• NASA has launched a rescue mission to save the Swift telescope, which is rapidly losing altitude and falling toward Earth. • The telescope, originally launched in 2004, is experiencing an accelerated orbital decay caused by recent intense solar storms.

• NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has captured a new image of the globular cluster NGC 6426, featuring red, white, and blue stars that resemble a sparkler. • The image highlights Hubble's ongoing capability to provide detailed cosmic observations after more than three decades in orbit.

• Scientists from World Weather Attribution report that the recent U.S. heat wave would have been "virtually impossible" without the influence of human-driven climate change. • The analysis suggests that the current climate is "fundamentally different" from the era before the rapid increase in fossil fuel usage began warming the planet.

• NASA has launched the LINK spacecraft to rendezvous with the aging Swift observatory to prevent it from burning up in Earth's atmosphere. • The mission aims to boost the telescope into a higher orbit, extending its operational life and avoiding atmospheric reentry.

• Researchers using complex climate models have determined that life on Earth will likely become unsustainable in approximately 1.8 billion years. • The extinction event will be triggered by the sun increasing in brightness, which will lead to the eventual loss of the planet's oceans.