Pediatric

• Investigators from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital analyzed over 3.9 million hospitalizations to estimate sepsis in 1.3% of pediatric cases, equating to more than 18,000 U.S. occurrences yearly. • Sepsis carries a 10% mortality rate, resulting in over 1,800 child deaths annually, with no significant change in incidence or mortality from 2016 to 2022. • 72% of cases began before hospitalization, highlighting risks to otherwise healthy children and the urgent need for better prevention strategies.

• The CDC reported six more US children died from influenza last week, bringing the season's pediatric flu deaths to 149 as respiratory virus activity slows nationwide. • About 85% of deceased children with known vaccination status were unvaccinated, with flu positivity in labs dropping to 4.7% and hospitalizations falling to 1.3 per 100,000 people. • Influenza B now predominates after surpassing A viruses, with high wastewater levels of RSV, influenza B, rotavirus, and norovirus signaling ongoing risks.

• The US measles outbreak has accelerated in 2026 with cases now reported in more than half of the states, marking a resurgence 20 years after official eradication, driven primarily by declining vaccination rates. • Last year, the US reported over 2,000 measles cases (2,213 confirmed) and three pediatric deaths, with the mortality rate matching historical data of approximately one death per 1,000 infected children. • Oregon has diagnosed 13 measles cases so far in 2026 with hundreds of potential exposures in the past week; health experts note that official case counts likely underestimate true infection rates due to unreported cases and undetected transmission indicated by wastewater data.

• CMS announced the Accelerating State Pediatric Innovation Readiness and Effectiveness Model (ASPIRE), a 10-year voluntary program for up to five states. • ASPIRE targets Medicaid and CHIP enrollees up to age 21 with complex medical and behavioral needs through early identification, care coordination, and quality accountability. • A Notice of Funding Opportunity will be released later this year to solicit state participation.

• U.S. Senate passed its 2026 spending bill including the Mikaela Naylon Give Kids a Chance Act to advance pediatric cancer combination therapies. • Bill features Accelerating Kids Access to Care Act streamlining out-of-state Medicaid/CHIP provider approvals for children and five-year reauthorization of FDA Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher Program. • Allocates $7.35 billion to National Cancer Institute, up $128 million from 2025, with $30 million for Childhood Cancer STAR Act and $50 million for Childhood Cancer Data Initiative.

• The U.S. Senate passed its 2026 spending bill containing multiple landmark pediatric cancer provisions, including the Mikaela Naylon Give Kids a Chance Act to advance combination therapy research and the Accelerating Kids Access to Care Act to streamline Medicaid provider approvals. • The bill allocates $7.35 billion for the National Cancer Institute (a $128 million increase from 2025), with $30 million designated for the Childhood Cancer STAR Act and $50 million for the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative, plus $12.6 million for the Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Program. • These provisions represent a significant recovery for the pediatric cancer community after 2025's devastating federal funding cuts, including removal of key provisions from the previous year's spending bill and a 15% cap on NIH grant indirect cost reimbursements.