A study analyzing North China Craton rocks reveals tectonic uplift from early supercontinent Columbia formation erased over a billion years of Earth's history, creating the Great Unconformity observed globally. Researchers found 13 kilometers of erosion and 400 degrees of cooling predating Cryogenian glaciations by analyzing zircon and monazite minerals across five sites. Coauthor Nicholas Christie-Blick noted, 'If glaciation had been the dominant driver, you’d expect a clear pulse of erosion at the time of the Cryogenian ice ages. We don’t see that pattern.' Published in PNAS, this challenges Snowball Earth theory and refines plate tectonics models.