Breakthrough

Nearly 60 countries back voluntary roadmaps to wean world off coal, oil and gasGovernments have been asked to develop national “roadmaps” setting out how they will end the production and use of fossil fuels, after a landmark climate meeting involving nearly 60 countries.The voluntary plans will form the bedrock of a new initiative to wean the world off coal, oil and gas, the focus of two days of intensive talks in Colombia this week. Continue reading...

• Google DeepMind released AlphaFold 4 on April 25, 2026, predicting protein structures with 98.5% accuracy, including dynamics for drug discovery. • Model simulates folding pathways in seconds for proteins up to 5,000 residues, licensed to 200 US biotech firms. • Advances could accelerate FDA approvals for 50+ new therapies, valued at $100 billion market impact.

• An international team including University of Oxford, University of Michigan, and others used the Gemini laser and plasma to compress light, creating the most powerful light ever in a lab. • The technique acts as a 'quantum magnifying glass' by focusing light waves, enabling direct study of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) interactions with the quantum vacuum. • Published in Nature on April 22, 2026, it bridges a 20-year gap between theory and observation, per Prof. Brendan Romey of Queen's University Belfast.

• Researchers at CERN's Large Hadron Collider detected rare Higgs boson decay patterns that deviate from Standard Model predictions, suggesting potential physics beyond current theoretical frameworks. • The analysis examined 150 billion particle collisions collected over two years, revealing a 3.2 sigma deviation in the boson's decay pathways, announced on April 20 by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. • The findings could indicate undiscovered particles or fundamental forces and represent significant progress toward understanding the universe's most elusive particles.

• NASA's Perseverance rover discovered extensive water ice deposits beneath Mars' surface in Jezero Crater using advanced ground-penetrating radar technology, with findings suggesting accessibility for future human missions. • The subsurface ice layers extend up to 300 meters deep and contain an estimated 5 million metric tons of water ice, according to data released by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 21. • Scientists believe the water deposits could support long-term human habitation and fuel production, making Mars exploration more feasible for sustained presence beyond current rover missions.

• Google unveiled a new quantum processor featuring 10,000 qubits on April 19, claiming achievement of quantum advantage for practical optimization problems with error rates reduced by 60% compared to previous generations. • The chip, named Willow, successfully solved complex combinatorial optimization problems approximately one million times faster than classical supercomputers according to Google Quantum AI division testing. • The breakthrough potentially accelerates commercialization of quantum computing for applications including drug discovery, financial modeling, and supply chain optimization, attracting increased competition from IBM and IonQ.

• McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston launched the Center for Innovation in Congenital Heart Disease, a multidisciplinary center bringing together experts in medicine, science, and engineering to transform understanding and treatment of the condition. • A major research focus involves recreating early human heart development using stem cells and bioprinted structures to study how congenital defects form. • The center bridges discovery and clinical care by advancing research, developing technologies, and translating innovations into patient treatment solutions across a lifetime of care.

• Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science, working with collaborators from Japan's National Institute for Materials Science, have observed electrons in graphene flowing like a nearly frictionless liquid, defying a core law of physics. • Researchers created exceptionally clean graphene samples and measured electrical and thermal conductivity, finding that as electrical conductivity rose, thermal conductivity dropped—the opposite of expected behavior. • The team discovered the fluid's viscosity is extremely low, making it one of the closest realizations of a perfect fluid ever observed, establishing graphene as an accessible platform for studying extreme physics phenomena.

• Researchers from Binghamton University and University of Virginia developed a machine-learning system that analyzed over 55 million scientific papers and patents to identify truly disruptive research that changes the direction of science. • The new metric, published in Science Advances, measures "disruptiveness" — the degree to which a paper pulls a field away from its earlier path — and successfully identifies major simultaneous discoveries often overlooked by traditional citation-based measures. • The study addresses a critical gap in how science evaluates impact, recognizing that scientific progress occurs through abrupt changes rather than incremental steps, helping identify overlooked breakthrough moments in research history.

• The MajesTEC-3 clinical trial led by UAB researchers demonstrates that a new two-drug immunotherapy regimen can lead to long-lasting remission for multiple myeloma patients. • Over 83 percent of patients enrolled in the trial remain alive and progression-free three years after therapy, supporting approval of this potentially curative treatment. • The findings represent a significant advance for multiple myeloma, a blood cancer with limited treatment options historically.

• The FDA has awarded breakthrough device designation to more than 1,200 experimental devices, including AI innovations, since 2016. • Evolving FDA criteria reflect accelerating AI integration in US health tech approvals. • Program speeds market access for transformative devices addressing unmet medical needs.

• Researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York, along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, published a study in Science Advances mapping innovation landscapes to identify disruptive studies and patents that challenge existing scientific paradigms. • The method, developed by Sadamori Kojaku and colleagues, helps pinpoint discoveries that reshape the course of science, such as the theory of evolution, atomic splitting, and antibiotic development. • The robust measure of disruptiveness provides a systematic way to identify simultaneous breakthroughs across scientific fields and could accelerate recognition of transformative research.

• Researchers developed a legged robot capable of independent navigation on lunar and Martian terrain, scanning rocks and collecting data without constant human input. • The robot underwent analogue tests in the Marslabor at the University of Basel, demonstrating rapid resource identification for future missions. • This innovation accelerates prospecting for water ice and minerals, critical for sustaining human presence beyond Earth.

• Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published findings in Nature Medicine on March 20 showing a blood test can detect Alzheimer's pathology 15-20 years before symptom onset with 94% accuracy. • The test measures phosphorylated tau and amyloid-beta levels and was validated in 2,100 cognitively normal participants followed for up to 12 years in multiple longitudinal cohorts. • Early detection could enable preventive interventions during the asymptomatic stage, potentially delaying or preventing cognitive decline in the 6 million Americans living with Alzheimer's disease.

• Researchers made a major breakthrough in solving the mystery of static electricity, explaining how it causes hair to stand on end and related phenomena. • The findings elucidate the physics behind volcanic lightning and other electrostatic events, providing new insights into charge separation mechanisms. • This peer-reviewed discovery advances fundamental physics knowledge with potential applications in materials science and atmospheric studies.

Morgan Stanley issued a report on March 13, 2026, forecasting a massive AI breakthrough in H1 2026 driven by unprecedented compute scaling at U.S. labs, citing Elon Musk's view that 10x compute doubles model intelligence. OpenAI's GPT-5.4 'Thinking' model achieved 83.0% on GDPVal, matching human experts on economic tasks, with gains outpacing expectations. U.S. power shortages of 9-18 gigawatts through 2028 threaten buildout, prompting data center conversions and '15-15-15' economics. Investors must prepare for rapid intelligence gains reshaping industries.